in order to - to so as to - so that - in order that

برای بیان هدف و منظور از to یا in order to  یا so as to استفاده می شود ولی دو تای آخری رسمی تر هستند. و همه به طور یکسان در گفتار و نوشتار مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند.

در جملات منفی از دوتای آخر بیشتر استفاده می شود تا to.

• To cut the tree down, I had to hack through the undergrowth first.
• In order to cut the tree down, I had to hack through the undergrowth first.
• We moved house last year so as to be closer to our children and grandchildren.
• In order not to oversleep, I set the alarm for seven o’clock.
• I walked very slowly across the room with the drinks in order not to spill them.
• I gave him a cheque in advance to ease his financial problems and so as not to delay the building work.

قبل از افعا غیر حرکتی / عملی مانند داشتن، دانستن، به نظر رسیدن و ... معمولا از دو تای آخری استفاده می شود. 

I talked to them both for half an hour so as to have a thorough understanding of the problem.

• I followed her around all day in order to know whether she had any intention of meeting him.

so that  و in order that

این دو هم منظور را می رسانند ولی so that پرکاربرد تر و دیگری رسمی تر است. نکته این است که بعد از این دو معمولا فعل ناقص(modal) می آید.

فرق این دو با سه تای قبلی این است که بعد از سه کلمه قبلی فعل می آمد و بعد از این دو، جمله کامل. 

• He’s staying on in Australia for nine more months so that he can perfect his English.
• He’s staying on in Australia for nine more months in order to perfect his English.
• We’re going to leave by three so that we don’t get stuck in the rush-hour traffic.
• We’re going to leave by three so as not to get stuck in the rush-hour traffic.
• Jamie had an afternoon nap in order that he wouldn’t fall asleep at the concert later.
• Jamie had an afternoon nap in order not to fall asleep at the concert later.

نکته آخر: that  را می توان حذف کرد. البته توصیه شده این کار انجام نشود.

نمونه هایی از پوستر آموزشی

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