in order to - to so as to - so that - in order that

برای بیان هدف و منظور از to یا in order to  یا so as to استفاده می شود ولی دو تای آخری رسمی تر هستند. و همه به طور یکسان در گفتار و نوشتار مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند.

در جملات منفی از دوتای آخر بیشتر استفاده می شود تا to.

• To cut the tree down, I had to hack through the undergrowth first.
• In order to cut the tree down, I had to hack through the undergrowth first.
• We moved house last year so as to be closer to our children and grandchildren.
• In order not to oversleep, I set the alarm for seven o’clock.
• I walked very slowly across the room with the drinks in order not to spill them.
• I gave him a cheque in advance to ease his financial problems and so as not to delay the building work.

قبل از افعا غیر حرکتی / عملی مانند داشتن، دانستن، به نظر رسیدن و ... معمولا از دو تای آخری استفاده می شود. 

I talked to them both for half an hour so as to have a thorough understanding of the problem.

• I followed her around all day in order to know whether she had any intention of meeting him.

so that  و in order that

این دو هم منظور را می رسانند ولی so that پرکاربرد تر و دیگری رسمی تر است. نکته این است که بعد از این دو معمولا فعل ناقص(modal) می آید.

فرق این دو با سه تای قبلی این است که بعد از سه کلمه قبلی فعل می آمد و بعد از این دو، جمله کامل. 

• He’s staying on in Australia for nine more months so that he can perfect his English.
• He’s staying on in Australia for nine more months in order to perfect his English.
• We’re going to leave by three so that we don’t get stuck in the rush-hour traffic.
• We’re going to leave by three so as not to get stuck in the rush-hour traffic.
• Jamie had an afternoon nap in order that he wouldn’t fall asleep at the concert later.
• Jamie had an afternoon nap in order not to fall asleep at the concert later.

نکته آخر: that  را می توان حذف کرد. البته توصیه شده این کار انجام نشود.

نمونه هایی از پوستر آموزشی

-



-

at - in - on (time)

at + exact time زمان دقیق

in + part of day  قسمتی از روز

on + particular day  روز

at + weekend, public holiday آخر هفته - تعطیلی رسمی

in + longer period  دوره طولانی مدت

مثال:

1. Exact times

• I usually get up at six o’clock
• I’ll meet you at 4.15
• Phone me at lunch time

In informal English, we say What time…?
(At what time…? is correct, but unusual.)

2. Parts of the day

• I work best in the morning
• three o’clock in the afternoon
• we usually go out in the evening

استثناها  

Exception: at night.    

We use on if we say which morning/ afternoon/ etc we are talking about,
or if we describe the morning/ afternoon/ etc.

• See you on Monday morning
• It was on a cold afternoon in early spring…

3. Days

• I’ll phone you on Tuesday.
• My birthday’s on March 21st.
• They’re having a party on Christmas Day.

In informal speech we sometimes leave out on (This is common in American English)

• I’m seeing her Sunday morning.

Note the use of plurals (Sundays, Mondays etc)
when we talk about repeated actions.

• We usually go to see Granny on Sundays.

4. Weekends and public holidays

We use at to talk about the whole of the holidays at Christmas, New Year, Easter and Thanksgiving (US)

• Are you going away at Easter?

We use on to talk about one day of the holiday

• It happened on Easter Monday.

British people say at the weekend. Americans use on.

• What did you do at the weekend?

5. Longer periods

• It happened in the week after Christmas
• I was born in March
• Kent is beautiful in spring
• He died in 1212
• Our house was built in the 12th Century

عبارات فعلی با افعال حرف g

get * across +	cause to be understood	It’s difficult to get humor across in another language.
get ahead	make progress	I can’t get ahead even though I work two jobs.
get ahead of +	surpass	You need to work overtime in order to get ahead of schedule.
get along	have a good relationship	Do you and your sister get along?
get along with +	have a good relationship	Giovanna doesn’t get along with her two brothers.
get around +	avoid someone or something	Some people get around paying taxes by hiring a good accountant.
get around	go many places	It’s easy to get around town with public transportation.
get away	escape	The bank robbers got away.
get away with +	do something against the rules or illegal and not get caught or punished	My sister gets away with everything!
get by	survive without having the things you need or want	I lost my job, so I am having a hard time getting by this year.
get by on +	survive with minimal resources	It’s nearly impossible to get by on making minimum wage.
get by with +	manage with	You don’t need a computer. You can get by with the typewriter.
get down to +	get serious about a topic	Enough small talk. Let’s get down to business.
get in +	enter ( a car, a small boat)	Get in the front seat. You will have more leg room.
get in	enter	Get in. I will give you a ride to school
get * off +	send (a package)	I finally got my sister’s birthday present off yesterday.
get * off	remove ( a spider from your shirt)	Can you get this spider off my shirt?
get off +	leave (a bus, plane, train, boat)	We need to get off the bus at the next stop.
get off	leave	It’s dangerous to sit on the roof. Get off!
get off	idiomatic phrase – How does he justify saying that?!	Where does he get off saying that?!
get * on	put on (clothes)	You should get your jacket on because it’s going to be cold.
get on	enter (a bus, train), mount (a horse, a bike)	The train is leaving. Quick, get on!
get on +	enter (a bus, train), mount ( a horse, a bike)	Get on my bike and I will give you a ride home.
get on	have a good relationship	Natasha doesn’t get on with her co-workers.
get on with +	have a good relationship	Do you get on with your neighbors?
get on with +	continue an activity	Now that the police have left, let’s get on with the party!
get out of +	exit (a small boat, car, an enclosed area)	I fell into the water when I tried to get out of the canoe.
get over +	recover (a cold, a disease, an ex-boyfriend/ex-girlfriend)	Jennifer still hasn’t gotten over her breakup with Peter.
get through +	complete	We will never get through all of these boxes by 9:00 PM.
get through +	penetrate	We need a stronger drill to get through this wall.
get through	penetrate	The door was jammed, so we couldn’t get through.
get through (with) +	finish	Have you gotten through with your homework yet?
get through to +	make contact	It’s hard to get through to Janet because her telephone line is always busy.
get * up	cause someone to rise (from a sitting position or a lying position)	Ahmed got Abdul up at 5:30 in the morning by turning the music up really loud.
get up	rise (from sitting position or a bed)	What time did you get up this morning?
give * away +	give something without asking for anything in exchange	Why did Nancy give all of her furniture away?
give * away +	betray (a secret)	We are having a surprise party for Susan next Saturday, so don’t give our surprise away by acting suspicious.
give * back +	return something you borrowed	When are you going to give that book back to your teacher?
give in	stop trying	Never give in! You can do it!
give  off +	release (a smell, light)	That white flower gives off a beautiful smell.
give * out +	distribute	I earn extra money by giving out brochures on the street.
give out	become very tired (inf.)	I hope this car doesn’t give out in the middle of the desert.
give * up +	surrender something	The police told the thief to give his gun up.
give up	surrender	Never give up learning English!
go away	leave	I yelled at the dogs to make them go away.
go back	return	When are you going back to your house?
go by +	go past, go close to, visit quickly	We go by the coffee shop everyday.
go back on +	not keep (one’s word, a promise)	Don’t trust him. He always goes back on his promises.
go down	decrease	The cost of flight tickets is going down.
go for +	try to achieve	Our team is going for the gold medal in the Olympics.
go for	idiomatic phrase – I am craving pepperoni pizza.	I could go for pepperoni pizza.
go in for +	participate ( inf.)	Are you going to go in for soccer this year at school?
go into +	discuss in detail	I really don’t want to go into that now.
go off	explode	The bomb could go off at any moment.
go off	begin, start (used with signals, alarms, warning sounds)	The alarm clock went off at 6:00 AM.
go off	stop (said of a machine)	The DVD player goes off automatically if you are not using it.
go off	become angry	Maria went off last night after I told her about losing her bike.
go on	continue	Please, go on. Don’t let me interrupt you.
go on	happen	This place is a mess! What went on here last night?
go on with +	continue ( a plan, a conversation)	I think we should go on with the meeting and stop wasting time.
go out	stop burning ( a fire)	The fire went out after three days.
go out	take part in social activities (usually at night)	They love to go out every Saturday night.
go over +	review	Do you usually go over your notes before class?
go over	be well received, succeed	That didn’t go over well.
go through +	examine in detail, study carefully	I need to have my lawyer go through this contract before I sign it.
go through +	endure; experience challenges, difficulties or traumas	She has gone through so much in her life.
go through with +	continue or proceed despite difficulties or fears	I have decided to go through with the operation.
go with +	match (clothing)	That shirt doesn’t go with those pants.
go with +	accompany a person	I am going with Alejandro to the party.
go with +	have a boyfriend/girlfriend	I am going with Yuri.
go without +	abstain from something you want or need	A person can go without water for three days.
grow under	go out of business	The restaurant went under after it lost its liquor license.
grow up	mature	Your brother needs to grow up and start thinking about his future.

afternoon, evening and night

Afternoon changes to evening when it starts getting dark, more or less.
However, it depends on the time of year.
In summer, we stop saying afternoon by six o’clock, even if it is still light.
In winter we go on saying afternoon until at least five o’clock, even if it is dark.

Evening changes to night more or less at bedtime.

Note that Good evening usually means ‘Hello’, and Good night means ‘Goodbye’

 — it is never used to greet people.

وقتی هوا رو به تاریکی می رود به جای afternoon می گوییم evening که با توجه به زمان سال فرق می کند. در تابستان تا ساعت شش و زمستان حداقل تا پنج بعد از ظهر حتی اگر تاریک شده باشد. از وقت خواب به بعد می شود night تا طلوع آفتاب.

توجه: Good evening یعنی سلام و Good night یعنی خداحافظ